The king who opposed Moses · The Exodus

Pharaoh of the Exodus in the Bible

The Pharaoh of Exodus meets Moses' demand with contempt, doubles Israel's workload, and endures ten plagues aimed squarely at the gods of Egypt. The text says both that he hardened his own heart and that God hardened it. He releases Israel after the death of the firstborn, then pursues them to the sea.

What Scripture says, and what it leaves open

Exodus does not name him. Rameses II is the popular identification, and Thutmose III and Amenhotep II are also argued; each rests on a reconstruction of the date of the Exodus, not on anything the text says. Whether he died in the sea is not stated outright.

Geographic context

Where Pharaoh of the Exodus belongs on the map

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Key passages

Read the first mention — Genesis 12:15Search every form of “Pharaoh”

Verses mentioning Pharaoh of the Exodus

275 occurrences across 235 verses in the King James Version.

The list shows every verse using the title "Pharaoh", not only this king.

  1. Genesis 12:15

    The princes also of Pharaoh saw her, and commended her before Pharaoh: and the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house.

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  2. Genesis 12:17

    And the LORD plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai Abram's wife.

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  3. Genesis 12:18

    And Pharaoh called Abram, and said, What is this that thou hast done unto me? why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife?

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  4. Genesis 12:20

    And Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him: and they sent him away, and his wife, and all that he had.

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  5. Genesis 37:36

    And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard. officer: Heb. eunuch: but the word doth signify not only eunuchs, but also chamberlains, courtiers, and officers captain: or, chief marshal: Heb. chief of the slaughter men, or executioners

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  6. Genesis 39:1

    And Joseph was brought down to Egypt; and Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bought him of the hands of the Ishmeelites, which had brought him down thither.

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  7. Genesis 40:2

    And Pharaoh was wroth against two of his officers, against the chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers.

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  8. Genesis 40:7

    And he asked Pharaoh's officers that were with him in the ward of his lord's house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sadly to day? look: Heb. are your faces evil?

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  9. Genesis 40:11

    And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand.

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  10. Genesis 40:13

    Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place: and thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand, after the former manner when thou wast his butler. lift: or, reckon

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  11. Genesis 40:14

    But think on me when it shall be well with thee, and shew kindness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention of me unto Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house: think: Heb. remember me with thee

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  12. Genesis 40:17

    And in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. bakemeats: Heb. meat of Pharaoh, the work of a baker, or, cook

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  13. Genesis 40:19

    Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee. lift: or, reckon thee, and take thy office from thee

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  14. Genesis 40:20

    And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants. lifted: or, reckoned

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  15. Genesis 40:21

    And he restored the chief butler unto his butlership again; and he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand:

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  16. Genesis 41:1

    And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river.

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  17. Genesis 41:4

    And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven well favoured and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke.

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  18. Genesis 41:7

    And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.

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  19. Genesis 41:8

    And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.

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  20. Genesis 41:9

    Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day:

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  21. Genesis 41:10

    Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the captain of the guard's house, both me and the chief baker:

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  22. Genesis 41:14

    Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh. brought: Heb. made him run

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  23. Genesis 41:15

    And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it. thou: or, when thou hearest a dream thou canst interpret it

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  24. Genesis 41:16

    And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace.

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  25. Genesis 41:17

    And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river:

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