The king who opposed Moses · The Exodus

Pharaoh of the Exodus in the Bible

The Pharaoh of Exodus meets Moses' demand with contempt, doubles Israel's workload, and endures ten plagues aimed squarely at the gods of Egypt. The text says both that he hardened his own heart and that God hardened it. He releases Israel after the death of the firstborn, then pursues them to the sea.

What Scripture says, and what it leaves open

Exodus does not name him. Rameses II is the popular identification, and Thutmose III and Amenhotep II are also argued; each rests on a reconstruction of the date of the Exodus, not on anything the text says. Whether he died in the sea is not stated outright.

Geographic context

Where Pharaoh of the Exodus belongs on the map

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Key passages

Read the first mention — Exodus 10:24Search every form of “Pharaoh”

Verses mentioning Pharaoh of the Exodus

275 occurrences across 235 verses in the King James Version.

The list shows every verse using the title "Pharaoh", not only this king.

  1. Exodus 10:24

    And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the LORD; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.

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  2. Exodus 10:27

    But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

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  3. Exodus 10:28

    And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die.

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  4. Exodus 11:1

    And the LORD said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.

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  5. Exodus 11:3

    And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people.

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  6. Exodus 11:5

    And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.

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  7. Exodus 11:8

    And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger. that follow: Heb. that is at thy feet a great: Heb. heat of anger

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  8. Exodus 11:9

    And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.

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  9. Exodus 11:10

    And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

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  10. Exodus 12:29

    And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. dungeon: Heb. house of the pit

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  11. Exodus 12:30

    And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.

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  12. Exodus 13:15

    And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem.

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  13. Exodus 13:17

    And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt:

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  14. Exodus 14:3

    For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel, They are entangled in the land, the wilderness hath shut them in.

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  15. Exodus 14:4

    And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so.

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  16. Exodus 14:5

    And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?

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  17. Exodus 14:8

    And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand.

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  18. Exodus 14:9

    But the Egyptians pursued after them, all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen, and his army, and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pihahiroth, before Baalzephon.

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  19. Exodus 14:10

    And when Pharaoh drew nigh, the children of Israel lifted up their eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians marched after them; and they were sore afraid: and the children of Israel cried out unto the LORD.

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  20. Exodus 14:17

    And I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get me honour upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen.

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  21. Exodus 14:18

    And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gotten me honour upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen.

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  22. Exodus 14:23

    And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen.

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  23. Exodus 14:28

    And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them.

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  24. Exodus 15:4

    Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea.

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  25. Exodus 15:19

    For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.

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