The king who opposed Moses · The Exodus

Pharaoh of the Exodus in the Bible

The Pharaoh of Exodus meets Moses' demand with contempt, doubles Israel's workload, and endures ten plagues aimed squarely at the gods of Egypt. The text says both that he hardened his own heart and that God hardened it. He releases Israel after the death of the firstborn, then pursues them to the sea.

What Scripture says, and what it leaves open

Exodus does not name him. Rameses II is the popular identification, and Thutmose III and Amenhotep II are also argued; each rests on a reconstruction of the date of the Exodus, not on anything the text says. Whether he died in the sea is not stated outright.

Geographic context

Where Pharaoh of the Exodus belongs on the map

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Key passages

Read the first mention — Exodus 2:5Search every form of “Pharaoh”

Verses mentioning Pharaoh of the Exodus

275 occurrences across 235 verses in the King James Version.

The list shows every verse using the title "Pharaoh", not only this king.

  1. Exodus 2:5

    And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river's side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it.

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  2. Exodus 2:7

    Then said his sister to Pharaoh's daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee?

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  3. Exodus 2:8

    And Pharaoh's daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child's mother.

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  4. Exodus 2:9

    And Pharaoh's daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the woman took the child, and nursed it.

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  5. Exodus 2:10

    And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water. Moses: that is, Drawn out

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  6. Exodus 2:15

    Now when Pharaoh heard this thing, he sought to slay Moses. But Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of Midian: and he sat down by a well.

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  7. Exodus 3:10

    Come now therefore, and I will send thee unto Pharaoh, that thou mayest bring forth my people the children of Israel out of Egypt.

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  8. Exodus 3:11

    And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt?

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  9. Exodus 4:21

    And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

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  10. Exodus 4:22

    And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn:

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  11. Exodus 5:1

    And afterward Moses and Aaron went in, and told Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, Let my people go, that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness.

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  12. Exodus 5:2

    And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.

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  13. Exodus 5:5

    And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and ye make them rest from their burdens.

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  14. Exodus 5:6

    And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people, and their officers, saying,

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  15. Exodus 5:10

    And the taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they spake to the people, saying, Thus saith Pharaoh, I will not give you straw.

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  16. Exodus 5:14

    And the officers of the children of Israel, which Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over them, were beaten, and demanded, Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day, as heretofore?

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  17. Exodus 5:15

    Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh, saying, Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants?

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  18. Exodus 5:20

    And they met Moses and Aaron, who stood in the way, as they came forth from Pharaoh:

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  19. Exodus 5:21

    And they said unto them, The LORD look upon you, and judge; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to slay us. to be: Heb. to stink

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  20. Exodus 5:23

    For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name, he hath done evil to this people; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all. neither: Heb. delivering thou hast not delivered

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  21. Exodus 6:1

    Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land.

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  22. Exodus 6:11

    Go in, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, that he let the children of Israel go out of his land.

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  23. Exodus 6:12

    And Moses spake before the LORD, saying, Behold, the children of Israel have not hearkened unto me; how then shall Pharaoh hear me, who am of uncircumcised lips?

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  24. Exodus 6:13

    And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

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  25. Exodus 6:27

    These are they which spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt: these are that Moses and Aaron.

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