The king who opposed Moses · The Exodus

Pharaoh of the Exodus in the Bible

The Pharaoh of Exodus meets Moses' demand with contempt, doubles Israel's workload, and endures ten plagues aimed squarely at the gods of Egypt. The text says both that he hardened his own heart and that God hardened it. He releases Israel after the death of the firstborn, then pursues them to the sea.

What Scripture says, and what it leaves open

Exodus does not name him. Rameses II is the popular identification, and Thutmose III and Amenhotep II are also argued; each rests on a reconstruction of the date of the Exodus, not on anything the text says. Whether he died in the sea is not stated outright.

Geographic context

Where Pharaoh of the Exodus belongs on the map

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Key passages

Read the first mention — Exodus 6:29Search every form of “Pharaoh”

Verses mentioning Pharaoh of the Exodus

275 occurrences across 235 verses in the King James Version.

The list shows every verse using the title "Pharaoh", not only this king.

  1. Exodus 6:29

    That the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, I am the LORD: speak thou unto Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say unto thee.

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  2. Exodus 6:30

    And Moses said before the LORD, Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?

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  3. Exodus 7:1

    And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.

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  4. Exodus 7:2

    Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.

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  5. Exodus 7:3

    And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

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  6. Exodus 7:4

    But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

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  7. Exodus 7:7

    And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh.

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  8. Exodus 7:9

    When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent.

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  9. Exodus 7:10

    And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

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  10. Exodus 7:11

    Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.

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  11. Exodus 7:13

    And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

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  12. Exodus 7:14

    And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go.

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  13. Exodus 7:15

    Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river's brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand.

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  14. Exodus 7:20

    And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

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  15. Exodus 7:22

    And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the LORD had said.

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  16. Exodus 7:23

    And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.

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  17. Exodus 8:1

    And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

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  18. Exodus 8:8

    Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Intreat the LORD, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may do sacrifice unto the LORD.

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  19. Exodus 8:9

    And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me: when shall I intreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the river only? Glory: or, Have this honour over me, etc when: or, against when to destroy: Heb. to cut off

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  20. Exodus 8:12

    And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh: and Moses cried unto the LORD because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh.

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  21. Exodus 8:15

    But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

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  22. Exodus 8:19

    Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

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  23. Exodus 8:20

    And the LORD said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

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  24. Exodus 8:24

    And the LORD did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies. corrupted: or, destroyed

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  25. Exodus 8:25

    And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land.

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